Power and Energy Potential study

The stream flow record for a hydropower development site is given below. Draw a flow duration curve and determine firm and secondary energy if the available head is 60 m, design discharge capacity is 45 m³/s, and overall efficiency is 82%. [8]

Months	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
Q (m³/s)	30	38	28	22	16	32	56	72	54	46	38	36

The monthly flows of a stream over the period of the driest year on record are as shown below:

Month	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Flow (×106 m³)	4.0	2.25	5.0	1.25	0.5	0.75	0.5	0.75	1.25	1.25	5.0	6.25

(i) Estimate the maximum possible uniform draw-off from this stream and determine the reservoir capacity to achieve the uniform draw-off and the minimum initial storage to maintain the demand.

(ii) If the reservoir has only a total capacity of 8×10⁶ m³ with an initial storage of 4×10⁶ m³, determine (a) the maximum possible uniform draw-off and (b) the spillage. [7+3+2]

Table below shows the inflow for one reservoir.

i) By assuming the mean inflow as the draft, develop mass-curve of the reservoir.

ii) Determine storage capacity and length of critical period.

iii) Determine storage capacity if the draft is only 80% of the mean inflow and compare with storage capacity of (ii).

Month	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep
Inflow (m³/s)	38	32	27	26	15	10	8	7	6	4	3	3