Power Plant Equipment

What do you mean by water hammer in context of hydro power plant? How can it be minimized?

Explain the operation of pump storage plant with a neat diagram. Is this type of power plant feasible/economical to install in Nepal's power system? Justify/support your answer with appropriate reasons.

Draw and explain the P-F and Q-V control loop of a hydro generating system.

Derive transfer function for speed response for load change in turbine generator set in the absence of governor. Also explain how isochronous governor can be incorporated together with turbine and generator with block diagram.

What do you mean by Isochronous Governor? What will be the problem if two hydropower plants with isochronous governor are operated in parallel to supply a common load?

Two generators of 250 MW and 500 MW capacities respectively are operating in parallel and connected to a common bus. When each generator is half loaded, they operate at a common frequency of 50 Hz. Their droop characteristics are 4% and 2% respectively. When the system load is increased, the frequency decreases to 49.5 Hz. Calculate the increase in system load and load shared by each generator.

Describe the excitation system of a synchronous generator with stabilizing transformer. Derive mathematical model of the system in terms of transfer function of each component of the system.

Explain the dynamic response of excitation system with suitable/stabilizing transformer with suitable mathematical deduction.

Derive the transfer function of an excitation system with stabilizing transformer.

Figure below shows a bus-bar reactor scheme. If a 3 phase to ground fault occurs on the outgoing feeder, calculate the fault current (in kA) supplied by each generator and fault MVA required for the circuit breaker (CB) on the feeder. Ratings: G1: 30 MVA, 11 kV, Xg1=0.1 pu; G2: 50 MVA, 11 kV, Xg2=0.1 pu.

Make/sketch/draw a layout/complete sketch of a diesel power plant showing the following systems and briefly discuss about them: (i) Air intake system (ii) Cooling system (iii) Fuel supply system (iv) Lubrication system (v) Exhaust system.

In a test for four-cylinders four-stroke engine: diameter=100 mm, stroke=120 mm, speed=1800 rpm, fuel=0.2 kg/min, CV=44000 kJ/kg, tension difference=40 kg, brake circumference=300 cm, mechanical efficiency=90%. Determine: i) Brake thermal efficiency ii) Indicated thermal efficiency iii) IMEP iv) BSFC.

Air is drawn in a gas turbine unit at 15°C, 100 kPa and pressure ratio is 7:1. Compressor is driven by HP turbine and LP turbine drives a separate power shaft. Isentropic efficiencies of compressor, HP and LP turbines are 0.82, 0.85 and 0.85. Maximum temperature=610°C. Calculate: a) Pressure and temperature entering LP turbine b) Net power per kg/s c) Thermal efficiency. [Cp=1.005 kJ/kg·K, γ=1.4 (compression); Cp=1.15 kJ/kg·K, γ=1.333 (expansion)]

A gas turbine plant of 800 kW takes air at 100 kPa and 288 K with flow rate 6 kg/s. Pressure ratio=6, maximum temperature=900 K, regenerator effectiveness=80%, isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine=85%. Determine plant thermal efficiency and net power. Take Cp=1.005 kJ/kg·K and γ=1.4.

Explain how regenerator/regeneration increases the output of the gas turbine power plant along with the neat sketch and show the cycle in P-V and T-S diagram.

List the common method(s) used for the performance improvement of the steam turbine power plant(s). Explain how reheating increases efficiency of the plant.

Explain how reheater/reheating increases the output of the steam turbine power plant along with neat sketch. Draw the layout and show the cycle in T-S diagram.

Differentiate between the operation of / What is the fundamental difference between the operation of impulse and reaction turbines?

Sketch the basic components of a combined power plant. Also sketch the corresponding processes on T-s diagram.

List the common methods employed to utilize waste heat in combined power plants.

Enumerate the advantages of a combined cycle plant. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the principle of working of a combined cycle plant to enhance the efficiency of electricity generation.