CE 704 · Chapter 6
Hydropower Engineering past question
6.3 Penstocks and Pressure shaft: importance, conditions of their application, general arrangement, hydraulic transients (water hammer), Computation of hydrodynamic pressure, sizing of penstock/pressure shaft and estimation of thickness of steel in penstock/pressure shaft
A hydropower project has a design discharge of 45 m³/s through a tunnel, which is conveyed by three penstocks to the turbines. The tunnel is 4 km long and 8 m in diameter, with a friction factor of 0.016. Each penstock is 500 m long and 2 m in diameter, with a friction factor of 0.04. The velocity of the wave in the penstocks is 1400 m/s. A surge tank with a diameter of 20 m is provided at the end of the tunnel. For a full load rejection, determine: a) Maximum up-surge b) Maximum down-surge c) Water hammer pressure d) Time of oscillation of wave [7]